Oversized, low-pressure, knobby, mud-terrain tires are used. long-travel shock absorbers, drop shackles, spring-over conversions (to increase wheel travel), coil-over spring/shock combinations, and upgraded control arms.beadlocks (locks tires to the rims for low tire pressures).body armour (rocker panels, tube fenders, etc.). lowered gearing in either or all of the transmission, transfer case (including often employing a second transfer case to reduce gearing even more), or axle differentials.Power is usually not an issue, as rock crawlers typically lower their gear ratios in order to drive more slowly over obstacles without stalling the engine. Rock Crawlers can be built by a wide array of companies as well as in people's garages. These vehicles are outfitted with custom parts. Vehicles commonly used include Jeep (the Chrysler and the Mitsubishi Varieties), Lada Niva, BAW, Nissan Patrol, Toyota Hilux, Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz G-Class, Santana PS-10, Ford Bronco, Suzuki Samurai, International Harvester Scout among many other 4x4's. Rock crawling basics Vehicles Jeep Rubicon Rock Crawling These consist of 100–200-yard (91–183 m) long courses with obstacles set up with gates, similar to a slalom ski race. Rock crawling competitions range from local events to national series. Rock crawlers often drive up, down and across obstacles that appear impassable. Rock crawling is about slow-speed, careful and precise driving, and high torque generated through large gear reductions (100:1 or more) in the vehicle's drivetrain. Driving locations include boulders, mountain foothills, rock piles, mountain trails, etc. In rock crawling, drivers typically drive highly modified four-wheel-drive vehicles such as trucks, Jeeps, and " buggies" over very harsh terrain. Rock crawling is an extreme form of off-road driving using specialized vehicles ranging from stock to highly modified, to overcome obstacles.
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